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The Chaukhandi Tombs is among the largest and best-preserved necropolis in the world. Being unique in the whole Islamic world and evolving purely from local traditions, these tombs render a most original and independent contribution to Islamic sepulchral architecture and ornamental sculpture. This book contains the first systematic study and analyses of group funerary structures, comprising some fifty cemeteries of varying size, with approximately 2000 monuments. It is the first book devoted exclusively to this subject; the author’s own fieldwork and documentation having made the work authoritative. The author has used the style-critical method to delineate the particular features of Chaukhandi as well as to trace the features that link it to the architectural tradition of Gujrat and Western India.

Nomadism & Colonialism: A Hundred Years of Baluchistan 1872-1972With special reference to Baluchistan, 'Nomadism and Colonialism' documents impressively the lasting effects of dominant external colonial influence on local nomadic societies. In general terms, illustrated by specific examples, the author succeeds in showing the diversity and lasting impact of the externally induced deformation of internal structures and their importance for the development of the present time.

The Pathans - With an Epilogue on RussiaThe Pathans is a labour of love and in its pages the Pathan and the grandeur of his scenic setting spring to urgent life. The Pathans themselves recognize this work as the locus classicus of their history.

The Armed Forces of PakistanSince the creation of Pakistan in 1947, the armed forces have played a central role. This book describes the nature of Pakistan’s defence capabilities and the forces poised to change them in the twenty-first century. It surveys the forces locked in conflict over the nuclear option and examines the three types of pressures Pakistan continues to face—militarization, secularization and Islamic fundamentalism. Sharing a border with Afghanistan, where an internationally fuelled civil war has given way to a war against international terror, and India, with which Pakistan has faced three wars, Pakistan’s armed forces continue to play an important role both internally and externally. The author has assessed the role of the armed forces in the context of defense policy and strategy, and its social and political role. He also provides the most comprehensive description of all three forces, the army, navy and air force.

The author gives a candid, no holds barred account of the Pakistan Army. He describes its evolution, its brutal suppression of the former East Wing (now Bangladesh), the events leading to the overthrow of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in 1977, and other dramatic episodes in brisk and telling language. This new edition of the book contains a chapter which describes the dramatic resignation of the Army Chief in 1988 (giving his hitherto unpublished personal reasons), and the intrusion into Indian-administered territory in Kashmir by Pakistan-backed militants in 1999. The author makes use of the information provided by senior foreign officials as well as highly placed Indian and Pakistani sources.